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  Unit-1- Database Management System - 8 Marks 1. What is Database and DBMS? List out the advantages and disadvantages of DBMS. 2. Explain the different models of DBMS with advantages and disadvantages. 3. Write differentiate between centralized and distributed database systems. 4. Who is DBA? What are the major responsibilities of DBA? 5. What is data integrity in DBMS? Explain its types. 6. What is normalization? Explain the normalization process with examples. 7. Define the following terms.            a) Data Dictionary      b) Primary Key      c) Relationship      d) DML           e) SQL      f) Data Integrity      g) DDL      h) Data Security      i) Database System 8. What are the different types of SQL commands. Write with example.  Unit-2- Data Communication and Networking - 9 Marks 1...

What are Basic Logic Gates? A logic gate is a basic building block of a digital circuit that has basically two inputs and one output. The relationship between the i/p and the o/p is based on a certain logic. These gates are implemented using electronic switches like transistors, diodes. But, in practice, basic logic gates are built using CMOS technology, FETS, and MOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET)s. Logic gates are used in microprocessors, microcontrollers, embedded system applications, and in electronic and electrical project circuits. AND Gate OR Gate NAND Gate NOR Gate Exclusive-OR Gate Exclusive-NOR Gate De Morgan’s Theorem The first theorem of DeMorgan states that the logic gate like NAND is equal to an OR gate with a bubble. The logic function of the NAND gate is A’B = A’+B’ The second theorem of DeMorgan states that the NOR logic gate is equal to an AND gate with a bubble. The logic function of NOR gate is (A+B)’= A’. B’ Verify with truth table ...

 Key Points to remember in Generation of computer Date Main Component Programming Language Main Memory I/O Device First 1940-1956 Vacuum Tube Machine Language Magnetic Tapes, Magnetic drums Paper Tape, Punched Card Second 1956-1963 Transistor Machine Language , Assembly Language Magnetic Core, Magnetic tape/disk Magnetic Tape, Punched Card Third 1964-1971 Integrated Circuit High-Level Language Large magnetic core, Magnetic tape/disk Magnetic tape, monitor, keyboard, printer Fourth 1971--- Microprocessor, VLSI High Level Language Semiconductor memory (RAM, ROM) Pointing, optical scanning, keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer Fifth Future Bio-chip, ...

  What is Software Development Life Cycle? Software Process Model Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used by the software industry to design, develop and test high quality softwares. The SDLC aims to produce a high-quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within times and cost estimates. It is a process followed for a software project, within a software organization. It consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace and alter or enhance specific software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of software and the overall development process. System Development Life Cycle Phases / Stages: System Study The Study phase is the most crucial step in creating a successful system. During this phase you decide exactly what you want to do and the problems you’re trying to solve by defining the problems, the objectives and the resources such as personnel and costs. System Analy...